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Continuum Knowledge
  • Continuum
  • Data
    • Datasets
      • Pre Training Data
      • Types of Fine Tuning
      • Self Instruct Paper
      • Self-Alignment with Instruction Backtranslation
      • Systematic Evaluation of Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models on Open Datasets
      • Instruction Tuning
      • Instruction Fine Tuning - Alpagasus
      • Less is More For Alignment
      • Enhanced Supervised Fine Tuning
      • Visualising Data using t-SNE
      • UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
      • Training and Evaluation Datasets
      • What is perplexity?
  • MODELS
    • Foundation Models
      • The leaderboard
      • Foundation Models
      • LLama 2 - Analysis
      • Analysis of Llama 3
      • Llama 3.1 series
      • Google Gemini 1.5
      • Platypus: Quick, Cheap, and Powerful Refinement of LLMs
      • Mixtral of Experts
      • Mixture-of-Agents (MoA)
      • Phi 1.5
        • Refining the Art of AI Training: A Deep Dive into Phi 1.5's Innovative Approach
      • Phi 2.0
      • Phi-3 Technical Report
  • Training
    • The Fine Tuning Process
      • Why fine tune?
        • Does Fine-Tuning LLMs on New Knowledge Encourage Hallucinations?
        • Explanations in Fine Tuning
      • Tokenization
        • Tokenization Is More Than Compression
        • Tokenization - SentencePiece
        • Tokenization explore
        • Tokenizer Choice For LLM Training: Negligible or Crucial?
        • Getting the most out of your tokenizer for pre-training and domain adaptation
        • TokenMonster
      • Parameter Efficient Fine Tuning
        • P-Tuning
          • The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning
        • Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
        • Harnessing the Power of PEFT: A Smarter Approach to Fine-tuning Pre-trained Models
        • What is Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) - explained by the inventor
        • Low Rank Adaptation (Lora)
        • Practical Tips for Fine-tuning LMs Using LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)
        • QLORA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs
        • Bits and Bytes
        • The Magic behind Qlora
        • Practical Guide to LoRA: Tips and Tricks for Effective Model Adaptation
        • The quantization constant
        • QLORA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized Language Models
        • QLORA and Fine-Tuning of Quantized Language Models (LMs)
        • ReLoRA: High-Rank Training Through Low-Rank Updates
        • SLoRA: Federated Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models
        • GaLora: Memory-Efficient LLM Training by Gradient Low-Rank Projection
      • Hyperparameters
        • Batch Size
        • Padding Tokens
        • Mixed precision training
        • FP8 Formats for Deep Learning
        • Floating Point Numbers
        • Batch Size and Model loss
        • Batch Normalisation
        • Rethinking Learning Rate Tuning in the Era of Language Models
        • Sample Packing
        • Gradient accumulation
        • A process for choosing the learning rate
        • Learning Rate Scheduler
        • Checkpoints
        • A Survey on Efficient Training of Transformers
        • Sequence Length Warmup
        • Understanding Training vs. Evaluation Data Splits
        • Cross-entropy loss
        • Weight Decay
        • Optimiser
        • Caching
      • Training Processes
        • Extending the context window
        • PyTorch Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP)
        • Train Short, Test Long: Attention with Linear Biases Enables Input Length Extrapolation
        • YaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of Large Language Models
        • Sliding Window Attention
        • LongRoPE
        • Reinforcement Learning
        • An introduction to reinforcement learning
        • Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)
        • Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
  • INFERENCE
    • Why is inference important?
      • Grouped Query Attention
      • Key Value Cache
      • Flash Attention
      • Flash Attention 2
      • StreamingLLM
      • Paged Attention and vLLM
      • TensorRT-LLM
      • Torchscript
      • NVIDIA L40S GPU
      • Triton Inference Server - Introduction
      • Triton Inference Server
      • FiDO: Fusion-in-Decoder optimised for stronger performance and faster inference
      • Is PUE a useful measure of data centre performance?
      • SLORA
  • KNOWLEDGE
    • Vector Databases
      • A Comprehensive Survey on Vector Databases
      • Vector database management systems: Fundamental concepts, use-cases, and current challenges
      • Using the Output Embedding to Improve Language Models
      • Decoding Sentence-BERT
      • ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERT
      • SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings
      • Questions Are All You Need to Train a Dense Passage Retriever
      • Improving Text Embeddings with Large Language Models
      • Massive Text Embedding Benchmark
      • RocketQAv2: A Joint Training Method for Dense Passage Retrieval and Passage Re-ranking
      • LLM2Vec: Large Language Models Are Secretly Powerful Text Encoders
      • Embedding and Fine-Tuning in Neural Language Models
      • Embedding Model Construction
      • Demystifying Embedding Spaces using Large Language Models
      • Fine-Tuning Llama for Multi-Stage Text Retrieval
      • Large Language Model Based Text Augmentation Enhanced Personality Detection Model
      • One Embedder, Any Task: Instruction-Finetuned Text Embeddings
      • Vector Databases are not the only solution
      • Knowledge Graphs
        • Harnessing Knowledge Graphs to Elevate AI: A Technical Exploration
        • Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap
      • Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN)
      • High Dimensional Data
      • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
      • Vector Similarity Search - HNSW
      • FAISS (Facebook AI Similarity Search)
      • Unsupervised Dense Retrievers
    • Retrieval Augmented Generation
      • Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey
      • Fine-Tuning or Retrieval?
      • Revolutionising Information Retrieval: The Power of RAG in Language Models
      • A Survey on Retrieval-Augmented Text Generation
      • REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training
      • Retrieve Anything To Augment Large Language Models
      • Generate Rather Than Retrieve: Large Language Models Are Strong Context Generators
      • Active Retrieval Augmented Generation
      • DSPy: LM Assertions: Enhancing Language Model Pipelines with Computational Constraints
      • DSPy: Compiling Declarative Language Model Calls
      • DSPy: In-Context Learning for Extreme Multi-Label Classification
      • Optimizing Instructions and Demonstrations for Multi-Stage Language Model Programs
      • HYDE: Revolutionising Search with Hypothetical Document Embeddings
      • Enhancing Recommender Systems with Large Language Model Reasoning Graphs
      • Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) versus fine tuning
      • RAFT: Adapting Language Model to Domain Specific RAG
      • Summarisation Methods and RAG
      • Lessons Learned on LLM RAG Solutions
      • Stanford: Retrieval Augmented Language Models
      • Overview of RAG Approaches with Vector Databases
      • Mastering Chunking in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Systems
    • Semantic Routing
    • Resource Description Framework (RDF)
  • AGENTS
    • What is agency?
      • Rephrase and Respond: Let Large Language Models Ask Better Questions for Themselves
      • Types of Agents
      • The risk of AI agency
      • Understanding Personality in Large Language Models: A New Frontier in AI Psychology
      • AI Agents - Reasoning, Planning, and Tool Calling
      • Personality and Brand
      • Agent Interaction via APIs
      • Bridging Minds and Machines: The Legacy of Newell, Shaw, and Simon
      • A Survey on Language Model based Autonomous Agents
      • Large Language Models as Agents
      • AI Reasoning: A Deep Dive into Chain-of-Thought Prompting
      • Enhancing AI Reasoning with Self-Taught Reasoner (STaR)
      • Exploring the Frontier of AI: The "Tree of Thoughts" Framework
      • Toolformer: Revolutionising Language Models with API Integration - An Analysis
      • TaskMatrix.AI: Bridging Foundational AI Models with Specialised Systems for Enhanced Task Completion
      • Unleashing the Power of LLMs in API Integration: The Rise of Gorilla
      • Andrew Ng's presentation on AI agents
      • Making AI accessible with Andrej Karpathy and Stephanie Zhan
  • Regulation and Ethics
    • Regulation and Ethics
      • Privacy
      • Detecting AI Generated content
      • Navigating the IP Maze in AI: The Convergence of Blockchain, Web 3.0, and LLMs
      • Adverse Reactions to generative AI
      • Navigating the Ethical Minefield: The Challenge of Security in Large Language Models
      • Navigating the Uncharted Waters: The Risks of Autonomous AI in Military Decision-Making
  • DISRUPTION
    • Data Architecture
      • What is a data pipeline?
      • What is Reverse ETL?
      • Unstructured Data and Generatve AI
      • Resource Description Framework (RDF)
      • Integrating generative AI with the Semantic Web
    • Search
      • BM25 - Search Engine Ranking Function
      • BERT as a reranking engine
      • BERT and Google
      • Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO)
      • Billion-scale similarity search with GPUs
      • FOLLOWIR: Evaluating and Teaching Information Retrieval Models to Follow Instructions
      • Neural Collaborative Filtering
      • Federated Neural Collaborative Filtering
      • Latent Space versus Embedding Space
      • Improving Text Embeddings with Large Language Models
    • Recommendation Engines
      • On Interpretation and Measurement of Soft Attributes for Recommendation
      • A Survey on Large Language Models for Recommendation
      • Model driven recommendation systems
      • Recommender AI Agent: Integrating Large Language Models for Interactive Recommendations
      • Foundation Models for Recommender Systems
      • Exploring the Impact of Large Language Models on Recommender Systems: An Extensive Review
      • AI driven recommendations - harming autonomy?
    • Logging
      • A Taxonomy of Anomalies in Log Data
      • Deeplog
      • LogBERT: Log Anomaly Detection via BERT
      • Experience Report: Deep Learning-based System Log Analysis for Anomaly Detection
      • Log-based Anomaly Detection with Deep Learning: How Far Are We?
      • Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection in Log Data: A Survey
      • LogGPT
      • Adaptive Semantic Gate Networks (ASGNet) for log-based anomaly diagnosis
  • Infrastructure
    • The modern data centre
      • Enhancing Data Centre Efficiency: Strategies to Improve PUE
      • TCO of NVIDIA GPUs and falling barriers to entry
      • Maximising GPU Utilisation with Kubernetes and NVIDIA GPU Operator
      • Data Centres
      • Liquid Cooling
    • Servers and Chips
      • The NVIDIA H100 GPU
      • NVIDIA H100 NVL
      • Lambda Hyperplane 8-H100
      • NVIDIA DGX Servers
      • NVIDIA DGX-2
      • NVIDIA DGX H-100 System
      • NVLink Switch
      • Tensor Cores
      • NVIDIA Grace Hopper Superchip
      • NVIDIA Grace CPU Superchip
      • NVIDIA GB200 NVL72
      • Hopper versus Blackwell
      • HGX: High-Performance GPU Platforms
      • ARM Chips
      • ARM versus x86
      • RISC versus CISC
      • Introduction to RISC-V
    • Networking and Connectivity
      • Infiniband versus Ethernet
      • NVIDIA Quantum InfiniBand
      • PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
      • NVIDIA ConnectX InfiniBand adapters
      • NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)
      • NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF)
      • NVIDIA Spectrum-X
      • NVIDIA GPUDirect
      • Evaluating Modern GPU Interconnect
      • Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP)
      • Next-generation networking in AI environments
      • NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL)
    • Data and Memory
      • NVIDIA BlueField Data Processing Units (DPUs)
      • Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)
      • High Bandwidth Memory (HBM3)
      • Flash Memory
      • Model Requirements
      • Calculating GPU memory for serving LLMs
      • Transformer training costs
      • GPU Performance Optimisation
    • Libraries and Complements
      • NVIDIA Base Command
      • NVIDIA AI Enterprise
      • CUDA - NVIDIA GTC 2024 presentation
      • RAPIDs
      • RAFT
    • Vast Data Platform
      • Vast Datastore
      • Vast Database
      • Vast Data Engine
      • DASE (Disaggregated and Shared Everything)
      • Dremio and VAST Data
    • Storage
      • WEKA: A High-Performance Storage Solution for AI Workloads
      • Introduction to NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage (GDS)
        • GDS cuFile API
      • NVIDIA Magnum IO GPUDirect Storage (GDS)
      • Vectors in Memory
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On this page
  • Key aspects of NVIDIA AI Enterprise
  • NVIDIA AI Enterprise: A Quick Tutorial

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  1. Infrastructure
  2. Libraries and Complements

NVIDIA AI Enterprise

NVIDIA AI Enterprise is an end-to-end software suite that enables organisations to streamline the development and deployment of AI applications, from data preparation to model training and inference.

It provides a comprehensive, cloud-native platform that accelerates data science workflows and simplifies the 'operationalisation of AI'.

Key aspects of NVIDIA AI Enterprise

Accelerated Data Science

It includes tools like RAPIDS for data preparation and feature engineering, which leverage GPUs to speed up data processing tasks. This allows data scientists to iterate faster and handle larger datasets.

Optimised AI Frameworks

NVIDIA AI Enterprise comes with pre-configured and optimised versions of popular deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch.

These frameworks have been fine-tuned to deliver maximum performance on NVIDIA GPUs, enabling faster model training and inference. With optimised frameworks, data scientists and AI researchers can focus on model development rather than worrying about performance tuning.

Enterprise-Grade Deployment

One of the key challenges in AI deployment is efficiently scaling applications across multiple nodes and clusters.

NVIDIA AI Enterprise simplifies this process with tools like NVIDIA Triton Inference Server.

Triton allows you to deploy trained models in a production environment with ease, providing features like model versioning, multi-GPU and multi-node support, and automatic load balancing.

This enables organizations to seamlessly scale their AI applications to meet growing demands.

Workflow Automation

NVIDIA AI Enterprise integrates with MLOps platforms like Kubeflow, enabling automation of the end-to-end AI workflow from data preparation to model deployment and monitoring.

GPU Acceleration

All components are optimised to take advantage of NVIDIA GPU acceleration, delivering significant speedups compared to CPU-only workflows.

Validated Software Stack

NVIDIA AI Enterprise fosters collaboration and reproducibility in AI development.

With tools like NVIDIA NGC, a cloud-based platform for GPU-optimised software, data scientists can easily share and access pre-trained models, datasets, and workflows.

NGC enables teams to collaborate effectively, ensuring consistency and reproducibility across different environments.

NVIDIA containers

DCGM Exporter

  • Purpose: The DCGM (Data Center GPU Manager) Exporter is used for monitoring NVIDIA GPUs within Kubernetes clusters. It acts as an exporter for Prometheus, a popular monitoring solution, enabling the collection and display of real-time performance data of GPUs.

  • Use Case: Essential for system administrators and DevOps engineers who need to ensure optimal GPU utilisation and health within their Kubernetes clusters.

NVIDIA Kubernetes Device Plugin

  • Purpose: This plugin helps in the integration of NVIDIA GPUs with Kubernetes. It allows Kubernetes to recognize and utilise NVIDIA GPUs as compute resources within the cluster.

  • Use Case: Critical for deploying GPU-accelerated applications within Kubernetes, enabling seamless scaling and management of resources.

Validator for NVIDIA GPU Operator

  • Purpose: This container validates the components of the NVIDIA GPU Operator, ensuring they are correctly installed and functional within Kubernetes environments.

  • Use Case: Useful for system administrators to confirm the proper setup of the GPU Operator, which automates the management of GPUs within Kubernetes.

NVIDIA GPU Feature Discovery for Kubernetes

  • Purpose: Works with the Kubernetes Node Feature Discovery to add GPU-specific node labels, enhancing the scheduler's ability to assign workloads based on available GPU resources.

  • Use Case: Enhances cluster management by ensuring workloads are appropriately matched to nodes based on GPU capabilities.

NVIDIA Container Toolkit

  • Purpose: Facilitates the building and running of GPU-accelerated Docker containers, integrating NVIDIA's GPU technology with container runtimes.

  • Use Case: Essential for developers and teams looking to containerise applications that require GPU resources for tasks like machine learning and data processing.

Triton Inference Server

  • Purpose: Allows teams to deploy trained AI models from various frameworks in any environment, whether cloud, data canter, or edge devices, utilsing NVIDIA GPUs or CPUs.

  • Use Case: Vital for businesses deploying AI models at scale, ensuring efficient management and scaling of AI inference operations.

NVIDIA GPU Driver

  • Purpose: Provisions NVIDIA GPU drivers within containers, simplifying the deployment and management of NVIDIA drivers across various environments.

  • Use Case: Allows system administrators to manage GPU drivers more efficiently, reducing system downtime and ensuring compatibility.

CUDA

  • Purpose: CUDA is a parallel computing platform and API model that enables significant increases in computing performance by harnessing the power of NVIDIA GPUs.

  • Use Case: A fundamental tool for developers working on GPU-accelerated applications in fields such as scientific computing, simulations, and machine learning.

PyTorch

  • Purpose: An open-source machine learning library that accelerates computations using tensors and is widely used for applications in deep learning.

  • Use Case: Offers researchers and developers the flexibility to prototype and deploy neural network models efficiently, integrating easily with other Python libraries.

TensorFlow

  • Purpose: An end-to-end open-source platform for machine learning that has a comprehensive, flexible ecosystem of tools, libraries, and community resources that lets researchers innovate with machine learning, and developers easily build and deploy ML-powered applications.

  • Use Case: Used by data scientists and developers to create complex machine learning workflows, from building and training models to deploying them into production.

These containers represent just a part of NVIDIA's extensive suite of enterprise solutions aimed at enhancing the performance, efficiency, and scalability of various applications in numerous industries, leveraging the power of GPUs for everything from basic monitoring to complex machine learning and AI tasks.

Enterprise Support

NVIDIA AI Enterprise prioritises security and provides enterprise-grade support.

It includes features like secure containers, role-based access control, and integration with existing security infrastructures.

Additionally, NVIDIA offers comprehensive support services, including dedicated technical support, software updates, and access to a wide range of resources and expertise.

In summary, NVIDIA AI Enterprise aims to provide organisations with a complete, hardened platform for developing and deploying AI applications at scale, leveraging the power of NVIDIA GPUs and CUDA-optimised software.

NVIDIA AI Enterprise: A Quick Tutorial

Welcome to this in-depth tutorial on NVIDIA AI Enterprise, a powerful end-to-end software platform designed to accelerate and streamline AI workflows.

Hands-on Example: Accelerating Data Processing with RAPIDS

Let's dive into a practical example to showcase the power of NVIDIA AI Enterprise. In this example, we will use RAPIDS to accelerate a data processing task.

Step 1: Install NVIDIA AI Enterprise To get started, you'll need to install NVIDIA AI Enterprise on your system. Follow the installation guide provided by NVIDIA to set up the software suite.

Step 2: Import RAPIDS Libraries In your Python environment, import the necessary RAPIDS libraries:

import cudf
import cuml
import cupy as cp

Step 3: Load and Preprocess Data Load your dataset into a RAPIDS DataFrame using cuDF:

f = cudf.read_csv('path/to/your/dataset.csv')

Perform data preprocessing tasks, such as filtering, merging, and aggregating, using cuDF's GPU-accelerated functions:

filtered_df = df[df['column_name'] > threshold]
aggregated_df = filtered_df.groupby('key').sum()

Step 4: Train a Machine Learning Model Use cuML, the GPU-accelerated machine learning library, to train a model on your preprocessed data:

from cuml.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)

Step 5: Evaluate and Deploy the Model Evaluate the trained model's performance using cuML's evaluation metrics:

from cuml.metrics import accuracy_score

y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)

Finally, deploy the trained model using NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for efficient inference serving.

Conclusion

NVIDIA AI Enterprise provides a comprehensive and accelerated platform for end-to-end AI workflows. By leveraging the power of NVIDIA GPUs and optimised software stack, data scientists and AI practitioners can streamline their development processes, accelerate model training and inference, and deploy AI applications at scale.

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